Casement-window attachment



Se t. s, 1925. 1,553,137

A. H. CARRIER CASEMENT WINDOW ATTACHMENT Filed Sept. 28. 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept 8, 1925.

A. H. CARRIER CASEMENT WINDOW ATTACHMENT Filed Sept. 28. 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 vwe n tow Alba-r717. (bf/7'6 attorney Sept. 3; 1925. 1,553,137

1 A. H. CARRIER CASEMENT WINDOW ATTACHMENT Filed Sept. 28, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 anucnlo 'z A/beff H Carr/Lev;

attain Patented Sept. 8, 1925.

ALBERT CARRIER;0FASHEVILLE; NoR'rHcARQLINA:

oAsEMEN-T-w'INDow" ATTACHMENT Ap ncationfiiea se saw-'28, 1921'. Serial N015(l3f812'3.

T0 ail wit-0m it ma ty concern:

Be it known that I, Aiiniiii'r CAR IER, a" citizen oi" the United States, residing at Asheville; in the county of. Buncombe" and State" of North "Carolina; have invented new and useful Improvements in CasemenolVin tlOW Attachments, of Which the following is a specification; I v lhiszinventionrela'testo casement win: (lo'ivattachments, and thepriinary object 01 the same is" to"-p rovide me'a'ns'appli'ed to and" cooperating with" a casement WincloW' frame anclsash and readily actuated for positivelyopening andclosing the sash and hol'cliiig "the latter'in fined open adjustment at any angle desired for' ventilating purposes, and "also to permitthe' sash to turn or be shiftedintofisuchposition that the outer" side of the glass may be convei'iiently cleaned fronrthe inner side of the frame, without requiring an uncomfortable or clangerous po'sitioiroi the person performing the cleaning operation A furtherobjectof the invention is to provide an' attachment of the class specified having a simplified and economically manififacturecl organization of 1 parts and capable of beingreaclily applied? to casement Window" frames and" sash fat the time of the primal installation or the latter; with materially reclucetl 'cost,- particularly in Window frame structuresas sash Weighthoxings'ancl sash Weights arefeliminatecl, and also cap'ableofbeing easily/applied to casement Windows and sash after erection of a Window frame; Without requiring any material mutilation or cutting or boring of the adjacent lower and upper parts of the sash and frame to receive the cooperating components of the complete attachment; A further object of the invention isto provide an attachment for a casement window" which will not only be efiective as an oper ating means for readily opening-and closing the sash. but also adapted to serve as a positive locking means for the sash, particularly when the latter is closed, and thereby defeat any attempts to open the sash from the exterior of the casementwindowr A still further object of the invention is to provide an opening and closing-attachment for a casement. Window sash that is so positionecl or applied and operable froin the inner side oi? the frame and sash that the latter may be readily opened and closed while a screen o1- analogous 'cleviceapplied to the inner part of the"frame remainsini closed position, and which screen'will at all times" exclude the entrance of insects through 'the open casen'ien t.

l/Vitlrtheseancl otherobjects and advantags view; the invention consists" in the preferred construction and arrangement of parts whiclrwill be more fully hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings: V Fig. l is a perspectivefvieiv' of a portion of casement frame and sash, illustrating the sash as'beiiig' opfe'n' ionventi-lating purposes, and having the lower organization of theflimprovecl' attachment applie'clthereto;

Fig. 2 is a transverse" vertical section through a casement'winclow frame and sash talien on the line 22, Fig. 5, and showing the sash closed ancla'screen'attheTinnei' part oi? the frame; the f1'"ain'e,sa sh and screen being broken through and theflupper and lower organizations of the attachment illusl'ratetl'in cross section; t.

Fig. 3 ,is a vertical section taken onthe plane of the line 33, Fig 5; through the lower organization of the attachment, the

frame" and] sash being broken avvay and the saslrill'ustrated' in open position; V

g Fig. 4 is a top plan view ofa part of the lowerorganization of the attachment, shoiv 'ing the actuating 'WOIIll in horizontal section and a portion-of the operating-means thereof;

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of a portion of a casement fran'ie and sash, the sash and part oftliejfia111e being shown in horizontal section, illustrating the lower attachment organization infull and dotted lines;

Fig; 6 is a section taken on the line 66, Fig.5;

Fig/7 is a detail perspective View ofth'e swinging sash-engaging element of thelower organization of the attachment;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the mainpart or supporting member ofthe lower organizatioii' of the attachment;

is a detail perspective View of the operating shaft or rod and its mounting," together with the WOIID'flDd keeper plate for holding the Worm in place in its seat;

Fig. 10 is a detail perspective view of the top member of the upper iiinge organization of the attachment;

Fig. 11 is a detail perspective view of the sash-engaging member of the upper hinge organization of the attachment.

The numeral designates a casement frame of a simple construction and comprising a sill 6 with a stool 7 projecting inwardly therefrom and an upper frame head 8. Vithin this frame a sash 9 is mounted to swing outwardly and inwardly through the medium of the improved attachment, which will be presently explained, and whereby the sash may be opened and closed by a very simple operation. The sash 9 is provided with glass or transparent panes 10 as usual, and in view of the pivotal mounting of the sash, the outer side of the glass may be readily reached for cleaning purposes without requiring an uncomfortable or dangerous position on the part of the operator. The improved attachment is operative to adjust the sash at different angles as may be desired for ventilating purposes, or the sash may be entirely closed, and in the present instance the upper and lower parts of the attachment may be so disposed and operated as to provide an opening between the sash and the nearest upright or side member 11 of the easement frame, and whereby wind pressure will be materially relieved from the open sash and strain and injury to the latter reduced to a minimum by deflecting the air currents through the opening between the sash and the said adjacent upright member or frame. By this means pocketing of air currents be tween the sash and frame is prevented. By disposing the parts of the attachment in the position explained, the sash may be swung to such angle that openings will be formed at opposite sides of the sash and a more thorough and-satisfactory ventilation will ensue.

The improved attachment comprises a base supporting and securing member 12, a sash-engaging and attaching member 13 mounted to swing or have pivotal association with the base supporting member 12 and provided with a toothed quadrant 14:. A worm or worm head 15 is operatively associated with the base supporting member 12 and held in mesh with the quadrant 14 for operating the latter, and removably engaging the said worm or head 15 is an operating rod or shaft 16, which is so constructed and arranged as to be easily rotated in opposite directions to actuate the sash attaching or pivotal member 18 through the medium of the said quadrant. It is proposed to proportion and relatively dimension the members 12 and 13 to reduce as much as practicable the amount of metal necessary in the construction of these members and also to bring them into close engaging relation, and thus reduce their extent vertically and longitudinally with respect to the parts of the window frame to which they are secured. In addition to the base supporting member 12 and sash attaching member 18 pivotally associated therewith together with the operating worm or worm head 15 and operating rod or shaft 16, the attachment includes a pivotal or auxiliary fulcrum organization shown in detail by Figs. 10 and 11 and adapted to be interposed between the upper rail of the sash 9 and the head 8 of the casement frame 5. This auxiliary fulcrum attachment consists of a hinge or pivot plate 17 secured to the top rail of the sash and carrying an intermediately positioned stud 18, and a top hinge plate 19 which is secured in the lower portion of the head 8 of the frame 5 and provided with a socket 20 to removably re ceive the stud 18. All of the parts of the attachment are formed of metal, areferably of a non-corrosive character, and it is obvious that a material reduction in the cost of manufacture and sale price of the improved attachment will result if the amount of metal used in the construction of the attachment parts is reduced to a minimum without detracting from the necessary strength and durability of the improved attachment. It will therefore be understood that the size and dimensions of the members 12 and 13 and their cooperating parts, together with the auxiliary fulcrum attachment comprising the members 17 and 19 and their several structural features hereinafter more particularly explained, will be adapted and modified in accordance with the dimensions and general proportions of the frame and casement window with which the attachment as a whole is operatively applied and used.

The members 12 and 13 also have a single intermediate hinge or pivot point. ,which will be in vertical alinement with the intermediate hinge point of the top members 17 and 19, the intermediate positioning of the pivotal device of the upper and lower parts of the attachment givin the easement sash a positive opening action and movement away from the easement frame when the sash is shifted outwardly, and conversely, a movement of the sash towards the frame during the closing operation of the sash. In this particular construction of the easement attachment there is no sliding or displacin action of the pivotal points or elements of the upper and lower parts of the attachment, and it is proposed to utilize any suitable relatively cooperating means for providing a pivotal action between the parts of the attachment with the least possible friction and wear, and also to have the pivotal members or units for the upper and lower parts of the attachment of a simple and economically constructed character and capable of withstanding consid rable strain without liclosii'ig movementsfof the: sash. Y

The specific construction of the base member 12 :and the sash: attaching member 13.

together with the? parts -'operatively associated therewithis clearly, shown. by Figs.

7, 8 {and 9, and consists :01": afvertical' cover plate 21 which-is suitably attached-to the sill 6- and let .into: the projecting outer edge-10f the stool *7 asshown'by Figs. 1 and 5, the said coverplate havinga verticaleX- tent equal to the-verticalextent of the edge orstep 22 between the outer-portion of the stool andthe si ll 6,;as-shown by Fig. 1.- The maximumavertical extentof this cover plate 21 terminates ,atits inner portion coincident a stud orpivotqboss 24:,proje'ets upwardly;

andin the upperend of the said stud or pivot boss a sooketj25is termed, to receive an antiirictional ball 26." Theinnerter minal of-the table 23 is guarded-by an'upstanding flange or shield 27 of the form shown by Fig.5..- 8, the iinner en'd of the shield I verse slot-82 therethrou-gh, to permit drain age of the moisture collected in sardtrough exteriorl-y over the securing member 29 and the sill 6. This trough '30 also serves as an occluding means at thepoint of applicationof the member 12to the; sill and stool v by preventingnnoisture from entering the lower part -o.'E thefram-e and; obv'iatlng cleterloration or, rottingof the, frame structure, as shown-by Figs. 6 and 8. Openings 33' are formed through the-securing member '29 for the reception" of fastenings adapted to engage thesill' below'or upon; which the said securing-member isapplied. The outer' extremity of the member 12 as shown by I dotted lines in Fig.5 has'a flange 34with ape;rtured'securing lugs 35, torecfelve suitable tast'enings, the said flange 34 projeotingwinwardly from the ycover .or'face' plate 21 of the member 12. At the inner extremity of the member 12 a" depending socket" 36 is formed and'is. provided "with an uppertop plate extension or rest 37, for supportinga horizontally disposed ,co'ver plate 38 by;

means of suitable fasteningspassing through openings 391and 4E0 respectively formed in the plates 38 andZ-B'T. The soeket 36 depends below thebottomof the securing'menr ber29 and is disposed at a slightly oblique angle, as shown by Fig.4, to give the workposition relatively to *the toothed quadrant 14:, which movesover the socket The :upper edge of the socketopposite the top.plateextension 37 is below the level of the topwolf the latter plate'extension, and by this lower level of the socket: edge an angle groove 41 is formed at' this point in conjunctionwith. the inner endof the?securing'meinber 29 "and the moisture trough onreceptacle 30, to provide for and operabledisposition of the quadrant- 1 L, so that "the said quadrant will" be' at all times held'operative relatively to" the-worm 15 overthetop ofthe socket 361' Thetop of the socketis norinally open and also thein1ier=side as at 42, the openin zfl2' at the innerside" oi'the;v socket exten ing:

only partway. downwardly in a vertical direction, and thus providing inner partial withan-intermediatehorizontal table23' and" closing wall" 43 opposite and outer closing has its outer surfaeef-flushwith the outer side-'edgeof the-said table From-thistable wall 44 continuing upwardly to tliei topr portion of the socket, The inner opens ing 42- is 01 less 'width than the socket-, to

thereby forni'angular retaining ribs 1415 0111 oppositesidesot said opening, the ribs eX-- tending-downwardly to the lower minimized" a closed wall or-side portioni3of the socket-.-

VVhen the cover plate 38:-is-applied*and:se

cured to the-top plate extension 37, the-in ner end of the said plate'38 project-sover-the top ot the socket andwalso over the upper side of the quadrant 14 and serves to hold the latterin operative position toandin engagement'with the worm or worni'headr-= 15, which is loosely disposed in the socket 36 and is free torotate without j amming. In'view of the oblique-angular disposition of the socketr36, the'worrn or worm head-15 will-be at all tiniesheld in-practical work-r ing: positio r relatively to the-"teeth of the quadrant 14,?it being obvious thatvthe teeth of the qquadrant should have such. cont-our as to easily mesh with-the wornr or worm head 15. The worm or worm-head '15 has an enlarged angular socket-47 formed therein;

to receive an operating head 48 on theout'er end oftherod or shaft165'theheadbeing substantially square in con-tour and-the socket 47 of 'a correspondingshapei'l Thesooket 47 is slightly larger than the head 48, so as to give ampleplay of the head' 'without jamming in'the socketfor'removable applica tion of the rod or'shaft 16 to theworrn head 15, but at the same time a-positive operating association :oi the head S'With-the worm head 15 is provided Without lost motion, and

thereby alwaysinsures a quick operative response of the worm head 15 to the actuation of the rod or shatt16." The worm; head 15 is retained in the'socliet by a vertical keeper. plate 49 of the shape shown by Fig. 8 and having an enlargedsquare opening- 50 therethrough, the opening 50 being of such dimensions that when the keeper plate 494s inserted in the socket against 'theretaining ribs 45, the head 48 on the outer end of the rod or shaft 16 may be inserted through the keeper plate in the socket 47 of the worm or worm head 15, and thus provide for a very simple operation in assembling the shaft or rod with the worm or worm head. The keeper plate 49 is easily removable and also placeable in the rear portion of the socket and is formed with an upper notch or slot 51, to give clearance to the quadrant 14, which moves thereover. The rod or shaft 16 may be as long as desired and in accordance with the base depth of the frame, the said shaft being disposed under the stool 7 and through the sill 6 in a suitable opening provided therefor in the base of the casement frame and also through an inner vertical finishing and supporting strip 52 of the frame. An escutcheon or plate 53 is secured against the inner side of the strip 52 over the opening through which the rod or shaft 16 extends. The rod or shaft 16 has a sleeve head 54 secured on the inner end thereof and provided with spaced collars 55 J and 56, which bear against the front and rear sides of the escutcheon or plate 53, as shown by Fig. 3, the head sleeve 54 extending through the said escutcheon or plate. The inner end of the head sleeve 54 projects inwardly some distance from the escutcheon or plate 53 and is formed with a slot 57 in which the crank end 58 of a crank arm 59 is pivotally held, the said crank arm at its free end being bent to provide a support for an angularly disposed handle 60 and a finger-engaging lip or flange 61. hen not in use the crank arm 59 together with the handle 60 is adapted to be turned and inserted through a slot 62 formed in the es cutcheon or plate 53, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5, the said handle 60 projecting inwardly through the strip 52 or through the part of the base or casement frame adjacent to the slot 62 in the escutcheon or plate 53. As shown byfull and dotted lines in Fig. 5, the crank arm 59 with its handle 60 may be either turned out or disengaged from the escutcheon or plate 53 for rotating the rod or shaft 16 and the worm or worm head 15 to operate the quadrant 14 and thereby move the sash, or the said crank arm and its handle may be turned into engagement with the escutcheon or plate 53 as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5, to reduce the projection of the said crank arm when not in use. Owing to the worm gear construction, the shaft 16 is automatically locked at all times, except when manually operated. The finger-engaging lip or flange 61 provides means for readily pulling the crank arm 59 and the handle 60 inwardly for disposition of these parts as shown in full lines in Fig. 5.

The sash attaching or engaging member 13 is formed with an offset or is stepped up, as at 63, to give this member such contour at its intermediate portion as to extend over and interfit with relation to the table 23 of the member 12, the stepped offset or stepped up portion 63 of the member 13 having a depending socket 64, to fit over the upper end of the fulcrum stud 24 and bear on the ball 26, as shown by Fig. 2. The one side closure flange 63 of the stepped up portion or offset 63 engages the end edge of the cover plate 21 as at 21" to limit the opening movement of the sash engaging member 13. The lower part of the sash attaching or engaging member 13 extends outwardly in the form of an arm 65 with which the outer terminal of the quadrant is connected or joined, the quadrant being further reinforced and sustained in rigid connection with the member 13 by a single arm 66 between the arm 65 and the base of the offset or stepped up portion 63 and the quadrant near the inner end of the latter. By this mode of attachment the quadrant 14 is given a clear projection for operation and at the same time is reliably and durably held associated with the member 13. From the upper part of the offset or stepped up portion 63 the member 13'continues in the form of an arm 67, the said latter arm at the outer side and the arm 65 having upstanding apertured flanges 68 and 69 which serve as means for securing the sash to the member 13. The member 13 has a very easy pivotal movement on the member 12, particularly in view of the anti-frictional ball 26 fitted in the socket 25 of the pivot stud or fulcrum post 24, and when the device has been operated to its maximum extent, the sash will be obstructed against further turning movement by engagement with a portion of the member 13 with the stop shoulder 28, so as to always hold the quadrant 14 in mesh with the worm or worm head 15. Vhen the quadrant 14 will have been operated to open the sash to the predetermined maximum extent, the said sash will stand in about the position shown by Fig. 1, and during the movement of the quadrant 14, it will be held beneath the cover or keeper plate 38 which projects thereover with a free sliding engagement relatively to the worm o-r worm head 15. As hereinbefore indicated, the parts of the member 12 are so constructed that when applied in operative position to a sill and stool edge, there will be no open portions for the admission of water or mois ture past the parts of the supporting base 12, and when moistur or water that does work back over the exposed port-ion of the supporting base 12 reaches the trough or receptacle 30, the same will be drained outwardly through the slot 32 over the securing member 29 and then onto the sill and finally flow off of the latter. All of the parts of this lower organization of the attachment as small vertically as possible.

said rib '69? angularly joins anupstanding flange over the opposite 'end,-and said 'flange70 is similarly joined to flange71 extending along the part of the side of the m'ember towardsthe shorter side edge portion of the rib 69 an opening 72 being formed between the inner ends of the'flange 71 and adjacent end of the rib (59 of the side edge of the member 17 on which the flange '71is located. "The pivot stud orfulcrum post 18 rising from themember 17 stands opposite to the opening 72 and is surrounded by an arcuate guard '73 at a suitable distance therefrom and continuing 'fromthe inner part of the flange 71 over adjacent tothe inner terminal of the rib 69* on the same side edgeportion of the member Theguard 73 is" connected to a longitudinally straight guard or wall 74 extending' completely towards and joined .to the 'end'flan'ge 70, and by this means a moisture trough 74 is provided, so as'to take up and hold all moisture that may be driven between themembers 17-and '19 during storms, and themoisture escapes or the water'flows out from the trough or receptacle 7 1 through an opening 7 5 formed inthe lower partfoff the flange 71, as shown by Fig. 11. Between the part ofthe guard 73 which terminates adjacent to the inner terminal of ithe'shorter side edge of the rib 69 and the latter rib, a drain slot 76 is formed, so as to relieve the shallow trough or receptacle 17 constructed between the longer and shorter portions of the rib 69 at this part of the member 17 of collected moisture and causea flow of the water outwardly towards ,thefront of the frame, and by'this means the entire upper auxiliary hinge connection forming part of the attachment is rendered water-tight, or will prevent the 'passage of water beyond a certain point, 1 and what water does gather on the lower exposed pon tion or member 17 :01 the upper hinge on ganization'will be free to be discharged outwardly and thereby obviate deterioration of the upper part of theframe. that the member 19 which is securedto the It is obvious lower portion of the head 8 will assist in forming a water-tight; enclosure, especially when the socket orsocket member'QO is in engagement with the pivot stud or fulcrum when'the "plates ormembers '17 and 19 are post 18, and the said socket member is given such contourasto; move regularly within the space defined by guard 7 3 without liability of strain, in view of thefactthat the member '17 will be obstructed in movement beyond a maximum predeterminedmovement in a mannersimilar to the check of the move- 'ment ofthe lower member 13 relatively to the member 12 when the sash will have been fully opened. The upper 'plate 'or hinge member :19 adjacent to the socket =80 is formed with a recess 77 one wall of which is-adapted to-contact with the inner termi- :nal or shouldered-edge 78 otthe 'flange 71 n of the-member-17, the recess '77 being-practically of V-shapedform and allowing suf- -ficient clearance for themovement of'the plate or member" 17 on theupper rail of the sash, but checking the movement when the sash is fully open by engagement of the shoulder- 78 of the member 17 with the inner'redu'cedterminal ofthe said recess 77 of the plate or'member 19. From'the recess "77 oftheplate'or member 19 towards one enjd of the'latter a sid flange 79 is formed integral with "the said plate or member 19, the width of theplate or member 19 from 'thesocket 20 towards the opp site end of said plate or member'being reduced and presenting an edge 80 of the thickness of the top 81 ofthe plate'or member 19, the said edge 80 engaging theinner side of the flange 71 of th plate or member 17 and the flange 79015 the plate or member 19 closing over the side rib 69 on the same side of the plate or member 17 as the flange 71 when'the plate or-member 17 and the sash is closed relatively to the plate or member 19. This provides for a neat outer appearance and compapt c'losurefof-the two partsof the upperlhinge organization, and the only opening exposed when the sash 1s closed Wlll be the recess 7 7 the lower edge of the socket closedbeing located over the drain slot or outlet '7 6. In the base Kwall'of the recess 77 adjacent to the shoulder 78, a further drain slot or drainw ay 78 is 'iiormed to relieve said recess of all moisture that may collect therein. Consequently, when the members 'j171and119 are closed,.moisture will be valmost exclusively obstructed from entering between the 'two members,,and what little moisture does enter or seep in between the two members will'be taken upand held'by the moisture receiving {means and eventually run outor drain through the opening in the flange 71 of the member 17 and through the drain slot 7 6. The'moisture' that may enter v between theengaging portions of the two plates or members 17 vand l9 atthe lower edges ofthe wall 'of-the recess 77 and of the socket 2O willbe prevented from running in between the two members by-the arcuate guard 73.. The two plates or members 17 and 19 are adapted to be easily and readily secured in operative position, respectively, to the top of the sash and the lower portion of the frame head, and along the inner side of the plate or member 19 is a flange 82 which snugly closes over the upper edge of the rib 69 that joins with the flange 70 of the plate or member 17, so that a box-like association of the two plates or members 17 and 19 is provided when they ar closed.

It is proposed to provide a lower sill and stool organization having the operating members 12 and 13 fitted thereto or mounted therein for ready application of the sill and stool to the lower portion of a casement frame, to thereby facilitate installation of the improved attachment, it only being necessary to attach the lower portion of the sash to the member 13 and apply the upper hinge members 17 and 19. respectively, to the upper rail of the sash and the lower part of the head of the frame. In preparing the sill and stool carrying the lower part of the attachment as just explained. the several parts will be properly dimensioned in accordance with the frame to which they are to be applied, and by this means the casement window may be easily completed.

As hereinbefore indicated, very little cut ting or boring of the parts of the sill and stool is necessary to receive the lower part of the attachment and likewise the upper parts of the frame and sash to receive the upper hinge plates or members 17 and 19. The lower parts of the attachment, including essentially the members 12 and 13 and cooperating parts, are closely associated and.

have comparatively very little projection. The several parts of the attachment are also constructed and may be associated for con venience in application and efiiciency in op eration as well economy in cost of production and sale.

nhe operation of the improved attachment is very simple, and from the closed position of the sash shown by Fig. 2, the sash may be opened to assume the position illustrated by Figs. 1, 3, 5 and G, the angular position of the sash when open being dependent upon the operation of the rod or shaft 16, worm or worm head 15 and quadrant l l. In view of the fact that the lower operating part of the attachment or member 13 carrying the quadrant 1 1 is applied to the lower rail of the sash and the memberlZ mounted and secured in the sill and stool as hcreinbefore explained and nearer one side of the sash and frame than the opposite side of the same, the greater portion of the sash will be projected outwardly over the sill and be ond the outer side of the frame when the sas is open, and, hence, the operation of the sash may be practically effected without interfering with an inner screen 83, as

shown by Figs. 2 and 3, and therefore the screen may remain closed during the opera tion or the opening and closing movements of the sash. The sash may also be turned at such angle by reverse operations of the rod or shaft 16, worm 15 and toothed quadrant 14% as to render both sides of the glass of the sash easily accessible for cleaning purposes from the interior of the frame, or without requiring such operation to be performed with inconvenience and danger to the operator.

hat is claimed as new is 1. A casement window sash operating attachment comprising upper and lower members having a single fulcrum organization disposed intermediately with relation to both members, the upper member being rotatable on the lower member and having a toothed quadrant projecting therefrom, a worm gear carried at one extremity of the lower member and operatively engaging the said quadrant, and means loosely engaging the worm gear for operating the latter.

2. A. casement window sash operating means comprising upper and lower members having a single fulcrum organization disposed intermediately with relation thereto, the upper member being rotatable on the lower member and having a toothed quadrant extending therefrom, a worm gear loosely disposed at an angle of inclination in the lower member and operatively engaging the quadrant, and means for operating the worm gear.

3. A casement window sash operating means comprising upper and lower members having a sin le intermediate pivotal organization, the upper member being movable on the lower member and provided with a toothed quadrant, the lower member having a socket at one end, a worm gear loosely mounted and retained in the said socket and engaging the quadrant, and an operating shaft having one end looselyengaging the worm gear.

4:. A casement window sash operating attachment comprising upper and lower members having a single intermediately located pivoting organization, the upper member having a toothed quadrant extending therefrom and the lower member provided with a socket at one extremity with an inner open wall, a keeper plate removably mounted in the socket to form a closure for the inner open wall thereof, a worm loosely mounted in the socket and engaging the toothed quadrant, and an operating shaft extending through the keeper plate and loosely engaging the worm.

5. A casement window sash operating at tachment comprising upper and lower members having a single intermediately located pivoting organization, the upper member being movable on the lower member and an operating shaft having an angular head having a toothed quadrant projecting thereto loosely and separably engage the angular from and the lower member having a socket socket opening of the worm. 10 at one extremity thereof, a worm loosely In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 5 mounted in the said socket to engage with my hand.

and operate said quadrant and provided with an angular socket opening therein, and ALBERT H. CARRIER. 

